Of course, their explosions will hurt the player in a small way, since it deals some Standard damage. Either circle-strafing or rushing while attacking (assuming they can't aim at the player) is a good strategy.

Melee weapon users should approach all the big Bots as close as possible and press on when attacking, preferably from their right side, where they are harmless (until they turn).

Also, since Bots move slowly you can try lacing their path with several Proximity Grenades, which they will blindly blunder into.

If you have none of the above, Disruption Grenades (or Fragmentation ones, assuming the Grenade Launcher is upgraded) will suffice thanks to the massive amount of Standard damage they deal.

A bit worse (but still effective) are the Energy weapons.

An attack with Armor-Piercing Bullets is just as good.

As with all mechanical foes, the Dual-Circuit EMP Rifle or EMP Grenades are the weapons of choice.

After destroying one, you should search its chassis for salvageable equipment, that is Disposable Maintenance Tools and Anti-Radiation Hypos. They are quite frequent on the Engineering Deck, but later in the game they are mostly replaced by more formidable models. You'll fight the first Maintenance Bot at the very end of the MedSci Deck.

At the stage of the game where you'll be facing these Bots, your best weapon against them will be Armor-Piercing Bullets. However, their shots are slow and not terribly accurate, so if you can engage them at long range, they may hit you only rarely, even during an extended battle. Maintenance Robots are well armored and can take a lot of punishment.

SM-23 Maintenance Robots (nicknamed 'Beavers') are large and slow, but their electrical spark welder can be a painful weapon when used against a human.

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